Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever that primarily affects monkeys and humans. It was first identified in 1957 after an outbreak in the Kyasanur Forest area in Karnataka, India.
The virus that causes KFD is a member of the Flaviviridae family, which also includes other well-known viruses such as dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile virus. The primary hosts for the KFD virus are small mammals like rodents and shrews, and the virus is transmitted to humans and monkeys through the bite of an infected tick.
Symptoms of KFD usually appear within 3-8 days after infection and include fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In more severe cases, patients may develop hemorrhagic symptoms such as bleeding from the nose, gums, and eyes. There is no specific treatment for KFD, but early diagnosis and supportive care can be effective in managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Prevention of KFD includes avoiding tick-infested areas, wearing protective clothing and using insect repellents, and ensuring proper hygiene and sanitation. A vaccine is available for KFD and is recommended for people who work or live in endemic areas.